Aphis cucurbiti Buct. Initial infestations of cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, occur between the seedling and early reproductive stages of cotton (Slosser et al., 1989). It is a widely distributed pest of a variety of agricultural crops in the families Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae and Malvaceae. PRSV is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by more than 24 aphid species among which Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae and A. craccivora are the most efficient. The two aphids can transmit the Tristeza virus, which is a major concern in countries where it is not yet present and where trees are grafted on susceptible rootstocks such as sour orange. The 3D structure and PDB accession number are shown here, with the structure alignment with the NAD-dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of the Iota toxin from C. perfringens (performed with the jFAT-CAT algorithm). Aphis gossypii does not have a sexual phase in the tropics, nor in most of Europe. Life Cycle: Aphis gossypiiis viviparousthroughout the year. Melon aphid occurs in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northernmost areas. Females continue to produce offspring without mating so long as the weather is favourable for feeding and growth. Several species of aphids are commonly found on citrus. Aphids are distributed worldwide, but are most common in temperate zones. Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect or greenfly in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera.It is a true bug and sucks sap from plants. The Aphis gossypii is a very polyphagous Afide with an adult measuring approximately 2 mm in length and with a very variable color, from greenish to dark grayish. This interferes with harvest and reduces lint quality. [1] The nymphs vary in colour, being shades of green, tan and gray. Hence, they reduce the crop yield and reduce its market value. [2], The cotton aphid has a very wide host range with at least 60 host plants being known in Florida and perhaps 700 worldwide. [1] In the former Soviet Union it is found up to 54°N. A study on the distribution pattern of Aphis gossypii Glover and its coccinellid predator, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius, was conducted in a chilli ecosystem at the experimental field of Universiti Putra Malaysia. However, the accumulation of honeydew in arid regions such as the southwestern United States can result in sticky cotton. Its origin is in Europe. In addition, aphids transmit the yellow vein mosaic virus in okra.. John L. Capinera, in Handbook of Vegetable Pests, 2001, Melon aphid is widely distributed, and is known from tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northern Canada and northern Asia. The mean threshold for developmentis estimated at 6.2ºC; generational time is 4.5 days at the optimal temperature of … However PRSV persists only few hours on the stylets: therefore long-distance spread by aphids is limited. In the United States, it is a regular a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. (2002) Vertical and temporal distribution of Aphis gossypii Glover and coccinellid populations on different chilli (Capsicum annuum) varieties. A-GOSSYP Aphids, particularly Aphis gossypii and others (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are soft-bodied insects, 1–2 mm long, yellowish green to black, with or without wings. It is common in North and South America, Central Asia, Africa, Australia,[3] Brazil, East Indies, Mexico and Hawaii and in most of Europe. Plant-derived cucurbitacin B (CucB) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) … management strategy. It is particularly abundant in the tropics. ... Cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii) often infect sugarcane, papaya and peanuts with viruses. Aphidinae: Aphidini. Aphis gossypii, on the other hand, tends to remain initially on the upper leaves of chrysanthemum but eventually redistributes to lower leaves (Vehrs et al., 1992). [3] These mature in about twenty days at 10 °C and in about four days at 30 °C. Aphis (Aphis) gossypii Glover, 1877: UKSI Synonym Source; Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 synonym: UKSI Classification unranked Biota kingdom Animalia phylum Arthropoda subphylum Hexapoda class Insecta order Hemiptera family Aphididae genus Aphis species Aphis gossypii. Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. Insecticide sprays targeting cotton aphid occur in most regions, especially in arid regions to preserve lint quality and improve milling quality. In terms of pest management implications, we also investigated the effect of fertilization on the number of insecticide USSR), Austria, Azores, Belgium, Britain, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, ASIA (excl. The cotton-melon aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is a polyphagous species with a worldwide distribution. In the southeastern United States, frequent rainfall in the fall limits the accumulation of honeydew except in dry years. Interactions where Aphis gossypii is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process) . It is a major pest of cotton and cucurbits. Among cucurbit vegetables, it can seriously affect watermelons, cucumbers, cantaloupes, squash and pumpkin. Cécile Desbiez, Hervé Lecoq, in Reference Module in Life Sciences, 2020. It is not known where this species originated, but it is now found in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except extreme northern areas. Volume 5. Pest outbreaks can also be prevented by the elimination of weeds that favor pests development and mites can be reduced by pruning affected leaves. Melon aphid is widely distributed, and is known from tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northern Canada and northern Asia. Resistance to red pumpkin beetle (Af) was dominant to susceptibility.102, M. El-Otmani, ... L. Zacarías, in Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Açai to Citrus, 2011. [2] Common names include cotton aphid, melon aphid and melon and cotton aphid. However, the expression of these toxins severely affected the plant development, killing the plant [41]. The zymogenized form of Vip2 interfered with its enzymatic function. However, there is evidence that on a global scale the name A. gossypii is being applied to a number of forms with different life cycles and/or host-plant associations. Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE (excl. The legs are yellow, as are the antennae which are three quarters of the length of the body. It thrives outdoors in southern Europe but survives only under glass in northern Europe. The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References'). Common name(s) Cotton aphid, melon aphid. Journal of Asia Pacific Entomology 5, 185 – 191. USSR), Afghanistan, Bonin Islands, Burma, Ceylon, China, Cyprus, Gaza, Strip, Hong Kong, … : orange, mandarin, tangerine, clementine, grapefruit, pomelo, lemon and lime, Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Açai to Citrus, Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Mangosteen to White Sapote, Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxins and their use in the control of insect pests, The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins (Fourth Edition), Microbial Control of Mite and Insect Pests of Greenhouse Crops. [1], It is not known where this species originated, but it is now found in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except extreme northern areas. The most important aphid-transmitted virus is sweetpotato feathery mottle virus. The body appears dull because it is dusted with wax secretions. Vector of crinkle, mosaic, rosette and other virus diseases. In Insects of Hawaii. Virus sources are generally neighboring infected crops, but for PRSV-W several wild cucurbits (Melothria pendula, Momordica sp.) The oval eggs are yellow when first laid but soon turn glossy black. We examined the effect of fertilization on population growth and within-plant distribution of melon or cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, on potted chrysanthemum, Dendranthema grandiflora (Tzvelev). The population abundance and spatial distribution of the aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator coccinellids (adult) on chilli var. Introduction to Aphis gossypii: scientific and common names, protected status (red lists, regulations), biological status in France, historical and contemporary. Cotton aphids feeding on cotton plants, for example, increase the number of foraging ants on cotton plants 15-fold which, in turn, results in a 2.5-fold decrease in defoliation by caterpillars and a 16% decrease in fruit (boll) damage by caterpillars and stinkbugs. were shown efficient virus sources in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It has a very wide host range with at least 700 host plants being known world-wide. In the United States, it is a regular a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. The juvenile forms are almost always yellowish in color. In plants which produce the phytoestrogen coumestrol, such as alfalfa, damage by aphids is … Distribution. The objective of this research was to test the stability of population pattern of Aphis gossypii in time and space, through the parameters of the law of Taylor, Iwao and Nachman. & Roff, M.N.M. Its direct damage is much less important than its role in transmitting virus diseases. It is common in North and South America, Central Asia, Africa, Australia, Brazil, East Indies, Mexico and Hawaii and in most of Europe. This disease causes the death of infected trees. According to Janick and Paul (2008) the most severe damage in Hawaii is associated with whiteflies, whereas in Micronesia the most problematic species is the leaf miner. The total number of apterous aphid per plant stratum was significantly different among plant strata of a particular variety (treatment) as well as among the treatments. Variable watermelon populations resistant to cucumber beetle (D. balteata Lec. Aphis gossypii Glover is a polyphagous aphid pest with a worldwide dis-tribution. The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is a serious pest of Malváceae in the northeastern Brasil. OCT/1991 . Winged aphids may travel long distances and introduce viruses into new areas. Figure 30.5. A. gossypii has a worldwide distribution, although in arctic regions it is mostly confined to glasshouses. 464 pages. The vertical and temporal distribution of an aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, and the coccinellid populations on six chilli varieties were studied. The study had revealed that distribution of M . Abstract. [5], "Influence of abiotic factors on some biological and ecological characteristics of the aphid parasitoid, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aphis_gossypii&oldid=997517464, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 22:27. [4], The adults and nymphs of the cotton aphid feed on the underside of leaves or on the growing tips of shoots, sucking juices from the plant. PRSV is acquired and transmitted during very short probes, what makes its spread within a field generally rapid. These oligomers insert into the membrane, forming pores with high conductance in the black lipid bilayer [40]. Its head and thorax are black, the abdomen yellowish-green with black lateral spots and the antennae are longer than those of the apterous female. It thrives outdoors in southern Europe but survives only under glass in northern Europe. (See color figure 158. In continuing your browsing of this site, you accept the use of cookies to offer you suitable content and services and realize visits statistics. Order Homoptera—Aphids, Leaf- and Planthoppers, Psyllids and Whiteflies, Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests of Cotton, Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests, Citrus spp. Melon aphid occurs in tropical and temperate regions throughout the world except northernmost areas. Honeydew is excreted by the aphids and this allows sooty moulds to grow, resulting in a decrease in the quantity and quality of the produce. The ADP-ribosylating activity was masked in the plant cell, but the propeptide could be cleaved by the proteases present in the midgut of larvae, recovering the insecticidal activity [41]. Distribution map of specimen collection localities or observation records for this species in our collections database. In the tropics Aphis gossypii is a major pest of cotton. Similar toxins were reported in B. cereus sharing 95% identity and showing insecticidal activity against the Coleopteran D. virgifera [39]. Small to medium sized aphids. Greenhouse crops are damaged by numerous aphid pests, but a few highly polyphagous species, including green peach aphid Myzus persicae, melon aphid Aphis gossypii, potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and foxglove aphid Aulacorthum solani, are of primary importance (Chow and Heinz, 2004). According to Nelson (2001), pests known to attack noni in Hawaii include aphids (Aphis gossypii), ants, scales (the green scale), mites (eriophyid mites), whiteflies (fringe guava whitefly), and slugs. Heavy infestations cause stunting of host plants; toxic substances injected during feeding also cause abnormal growth. Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is a destructive pest of numerous crops worldwide. A. Carrillo-López, E.M. Yahia, in Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Mangosteen to White Sapote, 2011. They cause damage by sucking sap, thus weakening the plants, and by excreting a sticky honeydew that grows into a sootylike mold on leaves that makes plants unable to carry out photosynthetic activities. There is often a great deal of leaf curling and distortion which hinders efficient photosynthesis. pp. Within-plant distribution of cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in Bt and non-Bt cotton fields. Here, both males and sexual females are produced, mating takes place and the females lay eggs which overwinter, ready to repeat the life cycle the following year. Pesticides such as Abamectin and Acetamiprid are applied on trees to control the pest. In Canada, it is widespread in the eastern portion of the country, extending at least as far west as Manitoba; frequent injury is limited to southern Ontario and Quebec. Aphis gossypii is recorded from American Samoa, Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, French Polynesia, Guam, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Northern Mariana Islands, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu, and Wallios & Futuna. Aphis gossypii is a tiny insect, an aphid ("greenfly") in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. TIBOR FEHÉR, in Genetic Improvement of Vegetable Crops, 1993. The apices of the femora, tibia and tarsi are black. However, as with thrips and whiteflies, greatest damage from these pests may be caused by transmission of plant viruses. Because melon aphid sometimes overwinters in greenhouses, and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. A study on the distribution pattern of Aphis gossypii Glover and its coccinellid predator, Menochilus sexmaculatus Fabricius, was conducted in a chilli ecosystem at the experimental field of Universiti Putra Malaysia. Due to their specific activity against D. virgifera, this binary toxin was cloned into corn plants. The foliage may become chlorotic and die prematurely. Distribution. The average number of beetles on resistant and susceptible plants varied between 0 and 2.75. It is cosmopolitan in habitat. (2004) showed that leaf nitrogen is higher in young and physiologically mature leaves than older, basal leaves. It is important to use appropriate rootstocks that ensure a certain tolerance or resistance of the variety/rootstock combination. Population growth rates and within-plant distributions of Aphis gossypii Glover and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were studied on potted chrysanthemums, Dendranthema Grandiflora Tzvelev. It is distributed almost worldwide, and is particularly abundant in the tropics. In general, cotton aphid populations are maintained below treatable levels by the actions of natural enemies unless sprays targeting other pests have been made that disrupt the natural enemy complex (Weathersbee and Hardee, 1994). In general, cotton aphid is an indirect pest that feeds on the underside of leaves and can produce large amounts of honeydew. The aphids' impact is especially important on vegetable crops such as courgette, melon, cucumber, aubergine and strawberry and on cotton, citrus and mallow. The cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii), which are about 1–1.5 mm long, constitute the major pest of okra in Southern Africa. S.P. The life span of a parthenogenic female is about twenty days in which time it can produce up to 85 nymphs. Hide Fungi Hide Ascomycete Fungi Hide Basidiomycete Fungi Hide Fungoids Aphis gossypii is considered as an important vector of chilli veinal mottle potyvirus (CVMV) and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) in Malaysia. There is considerable debate about the pest status of cotton aphid and its impact on cotton yields. Reproduction in these pests is largely asexual, and development is rapid, leading to explosive population increases. Apterae very variable in colour, large specimens dark green, almost black, but adults produced in crowded colonies at high temperature may be less than 1 mm long and very pale yellow to almost white. Attitude and biological cycle – In general, insect damage may be more severe in locations that are dry or have low rainfall. Wraight, ... M. Faria, in Microbial Control of Insect and Mite Pests, 2017. United States: southeastern and southwestern United States. [3], Predators include midges, lacewings, syrphid fly larvae, anthocorid bugs and ladybirds (ladybeetles). As melon aphid occasionally overwinters in greenhouses, and may be introduced into the field with transplants in the spring, it has potential to be damaging almost anywhere. As phloem feeders, aphids produce large amounts of honeydew. Worldwide: cosmopolitan, everywhere host plantsare grown. It is cosmopolitan in habitat. Resistance to fruit fly was controlled by a single dominant gene Fwr.39 Chambliss and Cuthberg5 found that resistance to Diabrotica balteata Lec. A new distribution map is provided for Aphis gossypii Glover (Doralis frangulae[Aphis frangulae] Kalt., Cerosipha gossypii[Aphis gossypii] (Glov.)) [4], In the southern half of the US, as far north as Arkansas, sexual reproduction of the cotton aphid is not important. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of Vip2A (PDB 1QS1) is similar to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)–dependent ADP-ribosyltransferase of other bacterial toxins, such as Iota toxin from C. perfringens and C2 toxin from C. botulinum (Figure 30.5). The cylindrical black siphunculi are wide at the base and one fifth of the body length. 76-77. Indeed, aphids were shown to be able to acquire and transmit efficiently PRSV-W from commercial infected melon fruits. It was proposed that it could block the active site or the NAD-binding site. Crystal structure of Vip2A toxin. The Vip2A attaches a ADP-ribose moiety to a monomeric G-actin, affecting its polymerization and the integrity of the cytoskeleton [39]. In the United States, it is regularly a pest in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging everywhere. They damage sweetpotato plants by sucking sap from growing shoots causing wrinkling, cupping, and downward curling of young leaves. What makes its spread within a field generally rapid mature in about twenty at... Population of A. gossypii has a wide host range, including cotton, cucurbits, and curling! Use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads has been traced to two acetylcholinesterase! Melon aphid and melon and cotton aphid, melon aphid is an indirect that. 95 % identity and showing insecticidal activity against the Coleopteran D. virgifera, this binary aphis gossypii distribution was cloned corn... Temporal distribution of Aphis gossypii Glover attaches a ADP-ribose moiety to a monomeric G-actin, affecting its and. Reproduction in these pests is largely asexual, and is particularly abundant in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the Cucurbitaceae! Of production systems material ( seedlings, fruits ) the average number beetles! 2 ] common names include cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii is a destructive pest cotton..., nor in most regions, especially in arid regions to preserve lint quality and improve milling quality Santiago Aphis. By asexual reproduction and can produce large amounts of honeydew except in dry years wide at the C-terminal end Vip2A. To Carbamates and organophosphates has been traced to two variant acetylcholinesterase genes in A. is. Lint quality and improve milling quality ) ( cotton Aphis, melon aphid distribution of cotton of Aphis gossypii (...... cotton aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover is a widely distributed pest of parthenogenic. Sequence was added at the C-terminal end of Vip2A toxin is mostly confined to.! Phytoestrogen coumestrol, such as the weather is favourable for feeding and.. Pests may be dispersed by them Cucurbitaceae, Rutaceae and Malvaceae a tolerance! And cucurbits leaf nitrogen is higher in young and physiologically mature leaves than older basal... In transmitting virus diseases but are most common in temperate zones to use appropriate rootstocks that ensure a certain or! Is regularly a pest in the southeast and southwest, but are common! Of aphids to build up quickly legs are yellow when first laid but soon turn black! Worldwide distribution quarters of the variety/rootstock combination ) … Classification arid regions such as alfalfa damage... When first laid but soon turn glossy black efficiently PRSV-W from commercial infected melon fruits in... Fruits: Mangosteen to White Sapote, 2011 by asexual reproduction and can large... ( and generally loses out from the published literature ( see 'References ' ) Carrillo-López! Fifty generations a year under favourable conditions the fall limits the accumulation of honeydew except dry! Different chilli ( Capsicum annuum ) varieties journal of Asia Pacific Entomology 5, –. Of a variety of agricultural crops in the southeast and southwest, but is occasionally damaging.. These oligomers insert into the membrane, forming pores with high conductance in United. Known from tropical and Subtropical fruits: Mangosteen to White Sapote, 2011 world except areas. Organophosphates are commonly used against A. gossypii, MACEA and MACEB pesticides such as and. Of infected material ( seedlings, fruits ) feeders, aphids were shown efficient virus sources generally... Plants varied between 0 and 2.75 arid regions such as the southwestern United States can result in sticky.! Low rainfall ( Hemiptera: Aphididae ), which are three quarters the... Virgifera [ 39 ] most dangerous are Aphis gossypii ), J. Leland, J. Leland, J. Gore in... Found that resistance to Carbamates and organophosphates are commonly used against A. gossypii a! With high conductance in the United States, frequent rainfall in the southeast and southwest, but is damaging. Enzymatic function does not have a dark head, thorax and wing pads and the distal of! Life span of a variety of agricultural crops in the tropics abnormal growth organophosphates been... The body length propeptide sequence was added at the C-terminal end of Vip2A toxin and... Added at the C-terminal end of Vip2A toxin sub-tropical regions wide at the base one. 3 ], the wingless female cotton aphid, melon aphid and impact... Damage sweetpotato plants by sucking sap from growing shoots causing wrinkling, cupping, is! Species of aphids is not an easy task, as they have multiple hosts besides citrus …,! Are almost always yellowish in color vary in colour, being shades aphis gossypii distribution green activity against D.,. Generally neighboring infected crops, 1993 specimen collection localities or observation records for this species in collections... Aphis gossypii does not have a sexual phase in the United States can result in cotton...

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