• Structure of NaCl CERAMIC STRUCTURE (1) This structure can be described as having FCC Bravais lattice with two ions (1Na+ and 1Cl-) ... • The unique relationship between such patterns and crystal structures provide a powerful tool for identification of the phase composition of powders and polycrystalline materials. Structure Factor (Fhkl) 2( ) 1 ij i N ihu kv lw hkl i i Ffe • Describes how atomic arrangement (uvw) influences the intensity of the scattered beam. 1we will see that the basic building blocks of periodic structures can be more complicated than a single atom. • Ittellsuswhichreflections(ie peaksIt tells us which reflections (i.e., peaks , hkl)to) to expect in a diffraction pattern. As in NaCl, each ion is coordinated by six of the other kind. 181 0. CsCl •Thinking about the unit cell as a three-dimensional graph allows us to describe the structure of a crystal with a remarkably small amount of information. NaCl (salt shaker variety) Hexagonal Close Packed: unit cell. Differences • The sodium chloride crystal is a cube. 939 0. N = 1, so n ... NaCl Structure CCP with all octahedral holes filled Coordination= 6, 6 Cation Coord. 170 Cl Cs = = − + r r Adapted from Fig. We can specify the structure of cesium chloride, for example, with only four pieces of • Both the sodium chloride crystal and water crystal consist of repeating patterns. Structure Factor The general expression for : Now we apply this to various crystals. Crystal Structure of Sodium Chloride(NaCl) NaCl is a ionic compound. For example in NaCl, the basic building block is composed of one Na and one Cl ion which is repeated in a cubic pattern to make the NaCl structure 2 Although Bragg's law was used to explain the interference pattern of X-rays scattered by crystals, diffraction has been . AX Crystal Structures AX–Type Crystal Structures include NaCl, CsCl, and zinc blende 0. Zinc Blende (ZnS) Structure First, consider examples of crystals with a basis group of just one atom per lattice point, with atomic scattering factor f. The results are valid for any crystal system. Hence both Na and Cl are in ionic state. • All of the faces of the sodium chloride crystal are square, but can have different number of ions: 4 (2 x 2 x 2), 9 (3 x 3 x 3), Primitive Cells This is really simple! 1 (The text is taken from: Basic Solid State Chemistry, by Anthony R. West) 1.17 Some important structure types a) Rock salt (NaCl), zinc blende or sphalerite (ZnS), fluorite (CaF2), antifluorite (Na2O) These structures are considered together because they all have ccp/fcc anions and differ only in the positions of the cations. Crystal Structures Chapter 7 Wednesday, October 21, 2015. The molecule is under equilibrium because, the attractive force due to ions is balanced by repulsive force due to electron clouds. →Octahedron Connectivity →Edge sharing octahedra 4 NaCl in unit cell. The calcite (CaCO 3) crystal structure is shown above.Triangular CO 3 2-ions fill octahedral holes between the Ca 2+ ions (black spheres) in a distorted NaCl lattice. 12.3, Callister 7e. →Octahedron Anion Coord. • The water crystal is a hexagon. determining crystal structures beginning with NaCl, ZnS and diamond. From this image we can see why the CaCO 3 structure has a lower symmetry than that of NaCl. Cesium Chloride structure: ∴ cubicsites preferred So each Cs + has 8 neighboring Cl- structure. and one Cl ion. The Bravais lattice of NaCl is FCC with the basis containing one Na ion. Why the CaCO 3 Structure has a lower symmetry than that of NaCl is a ionic.... Ittellsuswhichreflections ( ie peaksIt tells us which reflections ( i.e., peaks, hkl to... Blende ( ZnS ) Structure determining crystal structures Chapter 7 Wednesday, October 21, 2015 of structures... Nacl in unit cell NaCl Structure CCP with all octahedral holes filled 6. 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